Tb Physical Optics Lasers Pages 296 Code 776 Edition 7th Concepts Theorems

Physical optics is a branch of optics that deals with the interaction of light with matter. It is a fundamental field of study in physics and has applications in a wide range of fields, including telecommunications, imaging, and medicine.

Lasers are a type of light source that emits a highly concentrated beam of light. They are used in a variety of applications, including laser surgery, laser cutting, and laser pointers.

In this article, we will discuss the concepts and theorems of physical optics lasers. We will cover the following topics:

TB Physical Optics & Lasers 2.1 | Pages-296 | Code-776 | Edition-7th | Concepts + Theorems/Derivations + Solved Numericals + Practice Exercises | Text Book (Physics 13)

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• The nature of light
• The interaction of light with matter
• The principles of laser operation
• The applications of lasers

Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation is a type of wave that consists of electric and magnetic fields. Light waves are transverse waves, which means that the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.

The wavelength of light is the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs of the wave. The frequency of light is the number of crests or troughs that pass a given point in one second. The speed of light is the distance that light travels in one second.

The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second. The speed of light in a medium is less than the speed of light in a vacuum. The refractive index of a medium is a measure of how much the speed of light is reduced in that medium.

When light interacts with matter, it can be reflected, refracted, absorbed, or scattered.

• Reflection is the process by which light bounces off a surface. The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.
• Refraction is the process by which light bends when it passes from one medium to another. The angle of refraction is determined by the refractive indices of the two media.
• Absorption is the process by which light is absorbed by matter. The amount of light that is absorbed depends on the wavelength of the light and the material of the object.
• Scattering is the process by which light is deflected in all directions by particles in a medium. Scattering can be caused by particles of any size, from atoms to dust particles.

Lasers are devices that emit a highly concentrated beam of light. They are based on the principle of stimulated emission.

Stimulated emission is a process in which an electron is stimulated to emit a photon of light by another photon of light. The two photons have the same wavelength and are in phase with each other.

The process of stimulated emission can be used to create a laser. A laser consists of a gain medium, a pump source, and a resonator.

• The gain medium is a material that contains a population of excited electrons.
• The pump source is a source of energy that excites the electrons in the gain medium.
• The resonator is a cavity that contains the gain medium. The resonator reflects the light back into the gain medium, which causes the stimulated emission process to continue.

The wavelength of the laser light is determined by the energy difference between the excited and ground states of the electrons in the gain medium.

Lasers have a wide range of applications in a variety of fields, including:

• Telecommunications: Lasers are used in fiber optic communication systems to transmit data over long distances.
• Imaging: Lasers are used in a variety of imaging applications, including laser scanning microscopy and laser holography.
• Medicine: Lasers are used in a variety of medical applications, including laser surgery, laser eye surgery, and laser cancer treatment.
• Manufacturing: Lasers are used in a variety of manufacturing applications, including laser cutting, laser welding, and laser engraving.

Lasers are a powerful tool that have a wide range of applications in a variety of fields. They are based on the principles of physical optics and are a testament to the power of human ingenuity.

TB Physical Optics & Lasers 2.1 | Pages-296 | Code-776 | Edition-7th | Concepts + Theorems/Derivations + Solved Numericals + Practice Exercises | Text Book (Physics 13)

5 out of 5

Language	:	English
File size	:	6037 KB
Lending	:	Enabled

FREE